Public-Private-People Partnership as a New Financing Model for Infrastructure Development: A Conceptual Framework

One of the financing schemes in providing an infrastructure project is a public-private-partnership (PPP). PPP is an implementation option and infrastructure service that provides incremental benefits as well as private financing access to promote the government. This study aims to provide a new concept that combines PPP with society (people) to become a public-private-people partnership (PPPP). Therefore, to analyse the state-of-the-art schemes of PPPP, a meta-analysis method is employed that is based on a literature study. However, this PPPP concept is a framework to encourage the society (people) to participate more, especially in land acquisition. The land can be owned by individuals or traditional (communal) society (masyarakat adat). The results of this paper are in the form of a conceptual framework of PPPP as a new financing model for infrastructure development, where the PPPP concept involves the current PPP financing scheme and societal participation, whether in terms of legal aspects and policies or institutional matters. This new concept can help the society (people) to have prosperous welfare together with the institution under PPPP, as well as to not depend on the state budget, as it increases private equity.