The present report analyses the current state of integration in Nature-Based Solutions
(NBS) governance and planning processes within and across scales and dimensions of all
CONEXUS cities: Barcelona, Buenos, Aires, Bogotá, Lisbon, Santiago, São Paulo, and Turin.
Different levels of cooperation and conflicts may arise within and between governance
structures, making integration a key issue in urban governance, in particular in the
development of NBS. Integration is crucial for co-production and co-designing NBS, while the
NBS establishment can also play a central role in encouraging integrating approaches.
